An assessment norm of communicative Arabic proficiency

Authors

  • Rahaf Alabar Goldsmiths, University of London

Keywords:

Proficiency, native speaker, norm, assessment, multi-competence, intercultural competence

Abstract

The concept of the ‘native speaker’ (NS) remains a constant interest in the field of language pedagogy due to the need the field has for models, goals and norms (Davies, 2003: 1). On the other hand, some other researchers such as Byram (1997) in his model of intercultural competence ICC and Cook (2012) in his model of multi-competence argued against the NS as a norm of assessment and deemed it an idealistic, unrealistic goal. In the context of Arabic language given its complex sociolinguistic situation, it is essential to identify the role of NS for assessing the non-native learner’s level of proficiency. This paper addresses the questions of who is the NS of Arabic that could be taken as a norm? Or should that be the case at all? 

Author Biography

Rahaf Alabar, Goldsmiths, University of London

Dr Rahaf Alabar graduated from Damascus University with a BA in Arabic language and literature and a diploma in Arabic linguistics. She also obtained an MA in TESOL (Teaching English To Speakers of Other Languages) from the University of St Mark and St John, and a PhD in language education from Goldsmiths, University of London.  

Her PhD research focused on Arabic language proficiency assessment in the light of the sociolinguistic situation of Arabic language. She is currently interested in language teacher training from a sociocultural perspective; understanding how SCT aspects can be incorporated in TAFL and TASOL programmes. 

She has been working at the University of Cambridge as an assessment consultant, and had previously worked as a teaching assistant and a teacher of Arabic as a foreign language at Damascus University. 

References

Badawi, E.-S. (1973) Mustawayāt al‘Arab yah al-mu‘ sirah f Misr: Bath f ‘al qat al-lughah bi-

al- qahārah. Cairo: Dār al-Ma‘ rifah.

Bishai, W. B. (1966). Modern Inter-Arabic. Journal of the American Oriental Society, 86(3), 319.

Byram, M. (1997). Teaching and assessing intercultural communicative competence. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters.

Canale, M. (1980). Theoretical Bases of Communicative Approaches To Second Language Teaching And Testing. Applied Linguistics, 1(1), 1-47

Chomsky, N. (1965) Aspects of the theory of syntax. Cambridge: MA: MIT Press. Cook, V. (1999). Going Beyond the Native Speaker in Language Teaching. TESOL

Quarterly, 33(2), 185–209.

Cook, V. (2002). Language teaching methodology and the L2 user perspective (V. Cook,

Ed.). In Portraits of the L2 user. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters.

Cook, V. (2012). Characteristics of L2 Users. Available at: URL: http://homepage.ntlworld.com/vivian.c/SLA/Multicompetence/ (Accessed: 21 March 2016).

Davies, A. (2003). The native speaker: myth and reality. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters. Dörnyei, Z., & Ushioda, E. (2009). Motivation, language identity and the L2 self. Bristol:

Multilingual Matters.

Douglas, J.D. (1985). Creative interviewing. London: Sage Publications.

He, A. W. (2010). The Heart of Heritage: Sociocultural Dimensions of Heritage Language

Learning. Annual Review of Applied Linguistics, 30, 66-82.

Hyltenstam, K., & Abrahamsson, N. (2000). Who can become native-like in a second language? All, some, or none? On the maturational constraints controversy in second language acquisition. Studia Linguistica, 54(2), 150-166.

Hymes, D. H. (1972). On communicative competence’ (J. B. Pride & J. Holmes, Eds.).

In Sociolinguistics: Selected readings (pp. 269-293). Harmondsworth: Penguin Books.

Kramsch, C. (1997). The Privilege of The Non-native Speaker. Modern Language Association, 112(3), 359–369.

Meiseles, G. (1980). Educated Spoken Arabic and the Arabic Language Continuum. Archivum Linguisticum, 11(2), 118–48.

Nielsen, H. L. (1996). How to teach Arabic communicatively: Towards a theoretical framework for TAFL (A. Elgibali, Ed.). In Understanding Arabic: Essays in contemporary Arabic linguistics in honor of El-Said Badawi. Cairo, Egypt: The American University in Cairo Press.

Noels, K. (2005). Orientations to Learning German: Heritage Language Learning and Motivational Substrates. Canadian Modern Language Review. 62(2), 285–312.

Piller, I. (2002). Passing for a Native Speaker: Identity and Success in Second Language Learning. Journal of Sociolinguistics, 6(2), 179–206.

Phinney, J.S., Romero, I., Nava, M. and Huang, D. (2001). The Role of Language, Parents, and peers in Ethnic Identity Among Adolescents in Immigrant Families. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 30(2), 135–153.

Ryding, K.C. (1991). Proficiency Despite Diglossia: A New Approach for Arabic. The Modern Language Journal. 75(2), 212–18.

Ushioda, E. (2009). A person-in-context relational view of emergent motivation, self and identity (Z. Dörnyei & E. Ushioda, Eds.). In Motivation, language identity and the L2 self. Bristol, UK: Multilingual Matters.

Weiyun, H.A. (2006). Toward an Identity Theory of the Development of Chinese As a Heritage Language. Heritage Language Journal, 4(1).

Wesche, M.B. (1983). Communicative Testing in a Second Language. The Modern Language Journal. 67(1), 41–55.

Ryding, K.C. (2008). Discourse competence in TAFL: Skill levels and choice of language variety in the Arabic classroom (M. Al-Batal, Ed.). In The teaching of Arabic as a

foreign language: Issues and directions. United States: The American Association of Teachers of Arabic.

Downloads

Published

07/15/2019

How to Cite

Alabar, R. (2019). An assessment norm of communicative Arabic proficiency. Arab Journal of Applied Linguistics, 4(2), 87–106. Retrieved from https://arjals.com/ajal/article/view/120